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Exploring the relationship between marital quality and cognitive function: A systematic review.

Paniz Haghighi1, Emma A L Littler1, Dane Mauer-Vakil1

  • 1School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

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Good marital quality may support cognitive function in aging individuals, but the association is complex. Further research is needed to understand the nuances of marital quality and cognitive health outcomes.

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Cognitive functionDelayed recallExecutive functionImmediate recallMarital qualityMarital satisfactionMarital strainMemory

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Cognitive function is crucial for independence and quality of life during aging.
  • Biopsychosocial factors, including marital relationships, are investigated for their role in preserving cognitive health.
  • While marriage is generally linked to better health, marital quality is a critical, yet under-explored, factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing literature on the association between marital quality and cognitive function in aging individuals.
  • To synthesize findings from studies examining the relationship between various measures of marital quality and cognitive outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases up to January 9th, 2024.
  • Fifteen articles from 11 unique studies were included after a rigorous two-level screening process.
  • Narrative synthesis and risk of bias assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist were employed.

Main Results:

  • The majority of included studies presented a low risk of bias.
  • Some evidence indicated a positive association between higher marital quality and better cognitive function.
  • However, findings were inconsistent, with some studies reporting inverse or null relationships, potentially due to variations in study design and measurement tools.

Conclusions:

  • This systematic review is the first to synthesize research on marital quality and cognitive function.
  • The quality of a marriage, not just marital status, is an important consideration when examining cognitive health in aging.
  • Future research should account for the contextual factors of marital quality in studies of aging and cognition.