Risk factors associated with the severity of overactive bladder among Syrian patients with type 2 diabetes

The prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) is known to be higher in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, few studies have examined specific risk factors contributing to its progression among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, so this study aimed to investigate the risk factors specific to diabetes mellitus that influence overactive bladder in the Syrian population. This cross-sectional study was conducted at four endocrinology centers in four Syrian provinces: Damascus, Aleppo, Homs, Hama, and Latakia. The study was comprised of patients who had been diagnosed with both T2DM and OAB and had visited these centers from February 2020 to January 2023. The Arabic version of the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) scale was used to categorize the participants based on the severity score into two groups: the mild OAB group and the moderate-severe OAB group. A logistic analysis was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with the OAB among patients with diabetes. Among the 153 patients diagnosed with both DM and OAB, significant distinctions were found between the two groups concerning the severity of overactive bladder, age, duration of diabetes, symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and ankle reflex (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a multivariate analysis revealed that age (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.89-2.19), duration of diabetes (OR 1.94, 95% CI 0.53-2.23), and symptomatic DPN (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.39-4.13) independently acted as risk factors for the advancement of OAB. The severity of OAB in Syrian patients with diabetes is closely associated with the severity of DM. Factors such as age, duration of diabetes, and symptomatic DPN are independent predictors of the severity of OAB. Patients who experience symptomatic DPN are at an increased risk of developing OAB.