Patterns of connexin36 and eGFP reporter expression among motoneurons in spinal sexually dimorphic motor nuclei in...

Sexually dimorphic spinal motoneurons (MNs) in the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and dorsolateral nucleus (DLN) as well as those in the cremaster nucleus are involved in reproductive behaviours, and the cremaster nucleus additionally contributes to testicular thermoregulation. It has been reported that MNs in DMN and DLN are extensively linked by gap junctions forming electrical synapses composed of connexin36 (Cx36) and there is evidence that subpopulation of MNs in the cremaster nucleus are also electrically coupled by these synapses.

We used immunofluorescence methods to detect enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter for Cx36 expression in these motor nuclei.

We document in male mice that about half the MNs in each of DMN and DLN express eGFP, while the remaining half do not. Further, we found that the eGFP⁺ vs. eGFP^- subsets of MNs in each of these motor nuclei innervate different target muscles; eGFP⁺ MNs in DMN and DLN project to sexually dimorphic bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus muscles, while the eGFP^- subsets project to sexually non-dimorphic anal and external urethral sphincter muscles. Similarly, eGFP⁺ vs. eGFP^- cremaster MNs were found to project to anatomically distinct portions of the cremaster muscle. By immunofluorescence, nearly all motoneurons in both DMN and DLN displayed punctate labelling for Cx36, including at eGFP⁺/eGFP⁺, eGFP⁺/eGFP^- and eGFP^-/eGFP^- cell appositions.

Most if not all motoneurons in DMN and DLN are electrically coupled, including sexually dimorphic and non-dimorphic motoneurons with each other, despite absence of eGFP reporter in the non-dimorphic populations in these nuclei that have selective projections to sexually non-dimorphic target muscles.