The interregulatory circuit between non-coding RNA and apoptotic signaling in diabetic cardiomyopathy

Hao Wu1, Yan Liu1, Chunli Liu1

  • 1Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.

PubMed

Insights

Diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) involve programmed cell death (apoptosis). This review explores how non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) interact with apoptosis in DCM, crucial for developing new treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a growing epidemic, increasing cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes.
  • Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is involved in DCM development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review apoptotic signaling pathways in DCM.
  • To explore the reciprocal regulation between apoptosis and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in DCM.
  • To enhance understanding and therapeutic strategies for DCM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of apoptotic pathways in DCM.
  • Analysis of the role of ncRNAs in gene expression and cellular processes.
  • Examination of the interplay between ncRNAs and apoptosis in cardiac tissue.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs play significant roles in regulating gene expression, proliferation, and apoptosis.
  • Aberrant ncRNA expression is implicated in DCM progression.
  • ncRNAs and apoptosis mutually influence cardiac tissue fate in DCM.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between ncRNAs and apoptosis is vital for DCM management.
  • Targeting ncRNA-apoptosis interactions may offer novel therapeutic avenues for DCM.
  • This review provides insights into DCM pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies.

Related Concept Videos

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
6.3K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.4K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.1K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.5K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.3K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.8K