PdRuO₂/PVP nanomaterial as a highly selective, stable, and applicable potentiometric sensor for the detection of Cr³

PdRuO₂/PVP nanomaterial was synthesized using a straightforward method and characterized using advanced analytical methods such as TEM, XRD, XPS, elemental mapping and SEM. The synthesized PdRuO₂/PVP nanomaterial was used as an ionophore in potentiometric sensor electrodes and successfully adapted to Cr³⁺ ion detection in a large number of aqueous samples. Several experimental parameters of the PdRuO₂/PVP sensor such as potentiometric behavior, selectivity, repeatability, response time, pH, titration, and recovery in real samples were investigated. Potentiometric behavioral characteristics were performed in the concentration range 1 × 10^-6-1.0 × 10^-1 M. The repeated experiments performed six times showed that there was no deviation in the measurements. The limit of detection of the PdRuO₂/PVP potentiometric sensor was very low with a value of 8.6 × 10^-8 M. The potentiometric measurements showed that the synthesized PdRuO₂/PVP ionophore was highly effective in detecting Cr³⁺ in a wide pH range of 2.0-8.0 and was found to have a shelf life of over 1 year. As a result, the synthesized PdRuO₂/PVP electrode material was found to be highly selective, stable, and applicable for Cr³⁺ detection.