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In Vitro Comparison of Titanium Disc Surface Roughness and Bacterial Colonization After Ultrasonic Instrumentation

Aleksandr Kitaygorodskiy1, Richard L Gregory2, Glendale Lim3

  • 1Private practice, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The Journal of Oral Implantology
|July 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal ultrasonic tips roughen titanium implant surfaces, increasing bacterial colonization. PEEK or plastic tips maintain smooth surfaces, crucial for preventing biofilm attachment during implant maintenance.

Keywords:
bacterialdental materialsperi-implant disease(s)peri-implantitis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Implantology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Preserving smooth transmucosal abutment surfaces is vital for reducing biofilm attachment during dental implant maintenance.
  • Machined titanium surfaces are commonly used for dental abutments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the surface roughness and bacterial colonization of machined titanium after instrumentation with different ultrasonic tips.
  • To evaluate the impact of various instrument materials on titanium surface integrity and biofilm formation.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-four machined grade 23 titanium discs were instrumented using piezoelectric devices with polyether ether ketone (PEEK), plastic, or pure titanium curette tips.
  • Surface roughness (Ra and Rz) was measured using profilometry before and after instrumentation.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzed surface topography.
  • Bacterial colonization was assessed by culturing Streptococcus sanguinis and quantifying colony-forming units (CFUs).

Main Results:

  • Instrumentation with metal ultrasonic tips significantly increased surface roughness (Ra and Rz) compared to PEEK, plastic tips, and the control.
  • Metal tip instrumentation led to significantly higher Streptococcus sanguinis colonization.
  • PEEK and plastic tips did not significantly alter surface roughness or bacterial adhesion.
  • SEM confirmed rougher surfaces with metal tips, despite potential debris from tip dissolution.

Conclusions:

  • Metal ultrasonic tips significantly increase machined titanium surface roughness and promote in vitro biofilm formation.
  • PEEK or plastic ultrasonic tips are preferable for maintaining smooth titanium surfaces, minimizing bacterial adhesion during implant maintenance procedures.