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Mutations

Mutations

Life Histories

Life Histories

Constrained by limited energy and resources, organisms must compromise between offspring quantity and parental investment. This trade-off is represented by two primary reproductive strategies; K-strategists produce few offspring but provide substantial parental support, whereas r-strategists produce much progeny that receives little care. These strategies are related to an organism’s survival likelihood across its lifespan, which is represented by a survivorship curve. Three general types of...

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.

Mutations

Mutations

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 25, 2011

Josephine D. Johnson (1951-2023).

Jana N Martin¹, Melba J T Vasquez

¹American Insurance Trust.

The American Psychologist

|July 18, 2024

Summary

This article honors clinical psychologist Josephine D. Johnson (1951-2023) for her significant contributions to multicultural psychology. Her leadership, including chairing the American Psychological Association

Area of Science:

Psychology
Multicultural Psychology

Background:

Commemorating the life and work of Josephine D. Johnson, a prominent clinical psychologist.
Highlighting her career trajectory and significant professional achievements.

Observation:

Josephine D. Johnson made substantial contributions to the field of multicultural psychology.
She played a key role in advancing the understanding and application of multicultural principles in psychology.

Findings:

Johnson's leadership as Chair of the American Psychological Association (APA) Task Force on the Implementation of the Multicultural Guidelines was pivotal.
Her work significantly influenced the development and integration of multicultural competencies within psychological practice and education.

Implications:

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The legacy of Josephine D. Johnson continues to shape the future of multicultural psychology.
Her contributions serve as a foundation for ongoing efforts to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in psychological science and practice.