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Universal scaling in far-from-equilibrium quantum systems: An equivalent differential approach.

Lucas Madeira1, Arnol D García-Orozco1, Michelle A Moreno-Armijos1

  • 1Física e Ciência dos Materiais, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil.

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We developed a differential equation to describe nonthermal fixed points (NTFPs) in quantum systems. This equation explains universal scaling and predicts power-laws relevant to turbulence.

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Bose gasfar-from-equilibrium quantum systemsnonthermal fixed pointsquantum turbulence

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Out-of-equilibrium closed quantum systems evolve towards thermalization.
  • Nonthermal fixed points (NTFPs) explain universal scaling in far-from-equilibrium systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a differential equation with NTFP universal scaling as a solution.
  • Extract physical properties and interpret universal exponents from the differential equation.

Main Methods:

  • Derived a differential equation modeling NTFP universal scaling.
  • Analyzed limiting cases to determine universal exponents.
  • Validated the approach with three distinct physical systems.

Main Results:

  • The differential equation accurately describes universal scaling associated with NTFPs.
  • Physical interpretation of universal exponents derived from time dependence and momentum scaling.
  • Consistent agreement with previous studies across different systems.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed differential equation offers predictive capabilities for NTFP scaling.
  • Identified potential connections between NTFP scaling and power-laws in turbulent fluids.
  • Suggests implications for particle and energy transport studies.