Diagnosis and case formulation in psychodynamic therapy: a review of current tools

In the last two decades, several working groups in the international psychoanalytic community have been interested in the development of systematic tools for psychodynamic diagnosis, case formulation and treatment planning. Such psychodynamic diagnostic manuals are efforts to systematically integrate an enormous and rich amount of historically partialized and dispersed information, but which constitute the substantial contribution of psychoanalysis to the field of mental health. The aim of the present article is to provide an updated review on this kind of systematic tools for diagnosis, case formulation and therapeutic planning, designed for the field of psychodynamic approaches. To this end, we describe the aims and structure of: 1) the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual 2 (PDM-2), 2) the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2/OPD-3) and 3) the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis for Children and adolescents 2 (OPD-CA-2). The contributions of these current tools to clinical practice and empirical research are discussed, as well as the need to disseminate these types of instruments in our regional context.