Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of monkeypox among people with and without HIV in Peru: a national
Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto1, Hugo Arroyo-Hernández2
1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica del Peru, Lima, Peru.
Background:
In Latin America, Peru has the second highest number of cases of monkeypox (Mpox), of which more than 50 % are Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive. Here, we compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Mpox between people with and without HIV in Peru.
Methods:
We conducted a national retrospective study using data on confirmed cases of Mpox reported by the Peruvian National Surveillance System from 15 June 2022 to 31 December 2023.
Results:
A total of 3561 confirmed cases of Mpox were included. Of these, 2123 (60 %) patients were people living with HIV (PLWH), with increased odds for those aged 30 years or older, homosexual (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.58 [6.95-10.59], p<0.0001), bisexual (aOR=4.44 [3.46-5.69], p<0.0001), sex workers (aOR=2.24 [1.07-4.68], p=0.032), people with a history of syphilis (aOR=2.07 [1.66-2.58], p<0.001), and hospitalized (aOR=3.08 [2.03-4.68], p<0.001). PLWH were more likely to have proctitis (aOR=1.73 [1.26-2.37], p=0.001). The overall mortality was 20 of 3561 (0.56 %). Among PLWH and Mpox, more deaths occurred in hospitalized (p<0.001) and non-ART (p<0.001) individuals.
Conclusion:
Our findings highlight that HIV infection among Mpox cases in Peru is associated with high-risk sexual behaviour and a high likelihood of hospitalization.
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