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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
288
External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research
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Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery.

Thomas M Beaver1, Bhagwan Dass2,3, Ami M Patel4,5

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Cardiorenal Medicine
|July 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is a significant challenge. This review examines therapeutic targets from clinical trials and suggests standardizing care may reduce CS-AKI incidence.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryCardiac surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) presents a persistent clinical challenge.
  • Numerous clinical trials aimed at preventing CS-AKI have yielded disappointing results, contrasting with promising preclinical data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the understanding of CS-AKI in light of discrepancies between experimental and clinical findings.
  • To review the therapeutic targets investigated in major clinical trials for CS-AKI prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical trials and preclinical models related to CS-AKI.
  • Analysis of therapeutic targets and outcomes from conducted studies.

Main Results:

  • Significant divergence exists between experimental data and clinical trial outcomes for CS-AKI interventions.
  • Current therapeutic strategies have not consistently translated experimental success into clinical benefits.

Conclusions:

  • A critical reassessment of CS-AKI pathophysiology and relevant models is warranted.
  • Standardization of anesthetic and perioperative care, including the KDIGO bundle, offers a pragmatic approach to mitigate CS-AKI incidence, despite limited proven efficacy.