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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors01:24

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors

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Peptic ulcer disease, commonly called PUD, represents a multifaceted condition characterized by disruptions in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI)  tract. Central to the protection of the gastrointestinal lining is the mucosal-bicarbonate barrier. This physiological defense mechanism is a formidable shield against the corrosive effects of gastric acid and pepsin secretion in the stomach. Its role is pivotal in maintaining the structural integrity of the stomach's inner lining.
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Precision therapy for ulcerative colitis: insights from mitochondrial dysfunction interacting with the immune

Yi-Fan Zhang1,2, Meng-Ying Fan3, Qi-Rui Bai4

  • 1The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial dysfunction impacts ulcerative colitis (UC) by altering gut barrier function and inflammation. This study identified UC subtypes based on mitochondria-related genes, revealing distinct profiles and predicting response to biologics for precision medicine.

Keywords:
bioinformatics analysisimmune infiltrationmachine learningmetabolismmitochondriaulcerative colitisunsupervised clustering

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Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly linked to intestinal barrier defects and inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC).
  • However, the precise mechanisms driving mitochondrial dysfunction in UC remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mitochondria-related genes in UC pathogenesis.
  • To identify distinct UC subtypes based on these genes.
  • To explore the potential of these genes in predicting therapeutic response.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated data from 1137 UC colon mucosal samples across 12 cohorts.
  • Identified differentially expressed mitochondria-related genes (DE-MiRGs) using Limma.
  • Employed unsupervised clustering to define UC subtypes.
  • Constructed diagnostic models using machine learning algorithms.
  • Analyzed immune cell infiltration and biological pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identified 108 DE-MiRGs enriched in mitochondrial metabolism and inflammation pathways.
  • Developed 17-gene signature models with excellent predictive capability for UC.
  • Stratified 941 UC patients into three subtypes: metabolic, immune-inflamed, and transitional.
  • The immune-inflamed subtype showed a stronger correlation with better response to biologics (infliximab, ustekinumab, vedolizumab, golimumab).

Conclusions:

  • This study highlights the intricate relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and the UC immune microenvironment.
  • Findings offer new insights into UC pathogenesis and potential for precision treatment strategies.
  • Identified novel therapeutic targets for UC patients.