Prevalence of impacted and transmigrated canines in orthodontic patients - A radiographic study

The canine plays a vital role in dentofacial aesthetics and function. It supports the base of the alar and upper lip, which are crucial for smile aesthetics. When impacted, these functions are lost, leading to low self-esteem and overall poor health-related quality of life. The present study was conducted to find the prevalence of impacted and transmigrated canines in orthodontic patients and also to find the most prevalent type of canine impaction.

This retrospective study was conducted in a hospital setting at Dental College. A total of 3050 OPGs (Orthopantomagram) of patients who visited dental hospitals for orthodontic treatment constituted the final sample. Demographic details regarding age, gender, and place of residence were collected from the patients. Evaluation of sample radiographs on the standard light box was performed to collect data regarding impacted and transmigrated canines. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.

Prevalence of impacted canine was found to be 2.46%. Impacted canine prevalence of 1.53% and 2.85% was reported in males and females, respectively. Only two female patients had transmigrated mandibular impacted canines. Comparison of arch showed a statistically significant (P value 0.02) higher prevalence in the maxillary arch, which was 1.54%, and in the mandibular arch, it was 0.92%. The present study reported significantly more unilateral impactions (P value 0.00) than bilateral impactions.

The overall prevalence for impacted canine was 2.46%. Prevalence was higher in female patients. Early diagnosis of impacted canines is vital for planning orthodontic treatment in such patients.