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Development of 3D-printed universal adapter in enhancing retinal imaging accessibility.
Aisya Amelia Abdul Latip1, Kuryati Kipli2, Abang Mohammad Nizam Abang Kamaruddin3
1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia.
3D Printing in Medicine
|July 19, 2024
Summary
A universal adapter was developed to improve smartphone compatibility for retinal imaging devices, enhancing accessibility in remote areas. This adapter ensures broader usability, though expert image quality feedback varied.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology and Medical Devices
- Biomedical Engineering
- Mobile Health Technology
Background:
- Smartphone-based retinal imaging offers portable, cost-efficient eye care, improving accessibility, especially in underserved regions.
- Existing devices often exhibit limited smartphone compatibility, restricting their widespread adoption and utility.
- The PanOptic ophthalmoscope is a key device in need of broader smartphone integration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate smartphone compatibility limitations of current retinal imaging devices.
- To design and validate a universal adapter for the PanOptic ophthalmoscope.
- To assess the reliability, validity, and performance of the developed adapter prototype.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a literature review to identify smartphone compatibility issues.
- Designed and modeled a universal adapter using AutoCAD 3D.
- Performed finite element analysis (FEA) and user surveys for performance evaluation.
Main Results:
- A functional universal adapter was successfully designed, compatible with various smartphones.
- The adapter demonstrated broad compatibility irrespective of smartphone dimensions or camera lens position.
- User surveys indicated positive overall performance, but expert opinions on image quality showed variability.
Conclusions:
- The developed universal adapter addresses the compatibility limitations of existing smartphone-based retinal imaging devices.
- The study validates the concept of a universal adapter for the PanOptic ophthalmoscope, enhancing its application.
- This work establishes a foundation for future universal smartphone-based ophthalmoscope development.
