Massive Chylous Leakage After Endoscopic Thyroidectomy with Central Lymph Node Dissection: A Case Report

BACKGROUND Massive chylous leakage represents a rare yet potentially life-threatening complication following neck dissection, and its occurrence is even less common in the context of endoscopic thyroid surgery. Chylous leakage poses significant clinical management challenges, encompassing prolonged hospitalization, nutritional deficiencies, electrolyte imbalances, and the potential for infection. It is imperative for surgeons to remain vigilant and proactive in recognizing and managing chylous leakage to mitigate its potential impact on patient outcomes. CASE REPORT A 37-year-old woman presented with a thyroid nodule, and subsequent fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. She then underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection via a bilateral areola approach and experienced significant postoperative chylous leakage. Various conservative management strategies were used to treat the leak, including fasting, parenteral nutrition, maintenance of electrolyte balance, and continuous infusion of somatostatin. After failure of a series of conservative treatments, the patient underwent a reoperation to address the leak via the initial approach. After identification of the leak site, the residual end of the lymphatic vessel was clamped with a biological clamp, and no further chylous leakage was observed. The drainage was removed 4 days after the second operation, and the patient was discharged on the fifth day. During follow-up, no abnormalities were observed. CONCLUSIONS Managing significant chylous leakage poses a challenge for surgeons. This complication is rare following endoscopic thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection, and there remains a lack of experience in effective prevention and treatment. We aim to raise awareness through our case report.