[Non-immunological fetoplacental anasarca. Example of etiological evaluation]

(F.P.N.I.A.) was related in the past either to allo immunizations or to syphilis. Its present frequency remains important. It is estimated to be 1 p. 2000 or 1 p. 3000 births. The main etiologies are: cardiopathies with heart rate troubles, hematologic diseases (major form of thalassemia), twins pregnancies; but the list of the causes is very long. An effort should be done in order to track down the malformative statuses by the use of ultrasonography and amniocentesis for the fetal caryotype research. The neonatal prognosis is very dark, except in the curable cardiac causes. The therapeutical termination of the pregnancy, may be proposed before 28 weeks, in the serious causes. Beyond that it's often expectation, the attempt of a medical treatment, or if the malformation is not compatible with life, an attempt to induce delivery provided that there is no risk for the mother in doing that. In the case of a curable cause the childbirth should take place near a well equipped neonatology department, with a neonatal intensive care unit and surgical possibilities. The genetic counselling is indispensable at any moment: either during the diagnostic time period or at the childbirth in order to eliminate the accidental causes, the recurrent ones having an incidence upon the future obstetrical condition of the woman in case.