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The multiverse of universes: A tutorial to plan, execute and interpret multiverses analyses using the R package
Martin Götz1, Abhraneel Sarma2, Ernest H O'Boyle3
1University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Summary
Researchers often face choices affecting study outcomes. Multiverse analysis helps assess researcher degrees of freedom (RDF) by comparing results across alternative analytical paths, enhancing clarity and confidence in findings.
Area of Science:
- Methodology in empirical research
- Statistical analysis and modeling
Background:
- Research choices can unpredictably influence study results.
- Disentangling true effects from researcher degrees of freedom (RDF) is challenging.
- Lack of clarity on RDF impact hinders theoretical progress and practical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and demonstrate multiverse analysis for examining researcher degrees of freedom (RDF).
- To provide a method for mapping result variability and investigating RDF impact on conclusions.
- To offer guidance on planning, executing, and interpreting multiverse analyses.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing the R package 'multiverse' for analysis.
- Systematically exploring a 'multiverse' of alternative analytical choices.
- Comparing results from a chosen analytical path against a background of alternatives.
Main Results:
- Multiverse analysis allows direct examination of RDF effects.
- This approach provides context and clarity to research findings.
- Empirical investigation of RDF impact on conclusions is feasible.
Conclusions:
- Multiverse analysis enhances confidence in research recommendations.
- It offers a robust framework for understanding the influence of analytical choices.
- This method promotes greater transparency and reproducibility in science.
Keywords:
Multiverse analysisResearcher degrees of freedomRobustnessSpecification curve analysisTransparencyMore Related Videos
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