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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Leveling Effect01:29

Leveling Effect

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In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the...
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Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions02:11

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This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
A generic acid (HA) reacts with the generic base (B-) to yield the corresponding conjugate base (A-) and conjugate acid (HB):
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Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
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Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
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Perspective on Lewis Acid-Base Interactions in Emerging Batteries.

Qiaowei Lin1,2,3, Dipan Kundu1, Maria Skyllas-Kazacos1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Lewis acid-base interactions are key for designing advanced battery materials. Understanding these interactions improves ion transport, stability, and performance in various battery types, paving the way for next-generation energy storage.

Keywords:
Lewis acid‐base interactionshigh‐capacity cathodeliquid electrolytesmetal anodesolid electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Lewis acid-base interactions are fundamental in chemistry, influencing material properties across synthesis, catalysis, semiconductors, and energy storage.
  • These interactions enable precise control over material characteristics at molecular and macroscopic levels, crucial for technological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of Lewis acid-base interactions in designing advanced battery materials and understanding their mechanisms.
  • To explore the role of Lewis acid-base interactions in various battery chemistries, including aqueous, lithium-ion, solid-state, alkali metal-sulfur, and alkali metal-oxygen batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction to Lewis acid-base theories.
  • Discussion of application strategies for Lewis acid-base interactions in both solid-state and liquid-based battery systems.
  • Analysis of underlying mechanisms, including ion transport, electrochemical stability, mechanical properties, reaction kinetics, dendrite growth, and corrosion.

Main Results:

  • Lewis acid-base interactions offer versatile strategies for enhancing battery performance by tuning material properties.
  • These interactions are applicable across diverse battery components, including electrolytes (liquid and solid polymer), metal anodes, and high-capacity cathodes.
  • Understanding Lewis acid-base mechanisms provides insights into critical performance factors like ion mobility, stability, and longevity.

Conclusions:

  • Lewis acid-base interactions are a powerful tool for materials design and mechanistic understanding in next-generation batteries.
  • Continued research into these interactions is vital for developing safer, more efficient, and higher-performing energy storage solutions.
  • Future directions involve leveraging Lewis acid-base principles to overcome current limitations and unlock new battery technologies.