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Related Concept Videos

Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Selectins01:25

Selectins

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Blood is circulated throughout the human body through a network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. This system includes arteries that transport blood from the heart to various body parts. These arterial pathways divide into smaller vessels until they reach the arterioles, which further split into capillaries. It is within these minuscule capillaries that the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place. After this exchange, the blood is collected by venules, which fuse to...
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels
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An Endothelial Cell Is Not Simply an Endothelial Cell.

Shiwani Limbu1, Kara E McCloskey1,2

  • 1Quantitative and System Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA.

Stem Cells and Development
|July 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Endothelial cells (ECs) are vital for vascular health. Stem cell-derived ECs show promise for treating diseases linked to EC dysfunction, paving the way for targeted therapies.

Keywords:
endothelial cellsendothelial fateendothelial progenitor cellsstem cellsvascular developmentvascular niche

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial for vascular system functions including immunity, fluid balance, and tone.
  • EC dysfunction is implicated in numerous pathologies like cardiovascular diseases, ischemia, kidney disease, and cancer metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the generation of endothelial cells (ECs).
  • To emphasize tissue-specific ECs and subphenotypes for targeted cell-based therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on EC generation.
  • Focus on stem cell-derived ECs, particularly from induced pluripotent stem cells.
  • Analysis of EC subphenotypes relevant to therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell-derived ECs offer potential for treating ischemic tissues.
  • Advancements in EC generation support vascular integrity models.
  • Identification of specific EC subphenotypes is key for targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding EC generation is critical for developing effective cell-based treatments.
  • Tissue-specific ECs and defined subphenotypes are essential for regenerative medicine strategies.
  • Targeted cell therapies using ECs hold promise for various vascular pathologies.