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Related Concept Videos

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

10.2K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

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Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
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Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
11.3K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

10.0K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer
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Low-Temperature Methane Combustion Using Ozone over Coβ Catalyst.

Shunsaku Yasumura1, Ken Nagai2, Shinta Miyazaki2

  • 1Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Co-exchanged β zeolite (Coβ) efficiently catalyzes methane combustion at low temperatures using ozone. Isolated Co2+ species are identified as the active sites, with a reaction mechanism elucidated by theoretical calculations.

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry

Background:

  • Unburned methane (CH4) emissions contribute to greenhouse gases.
  • Catalytic combustion is a key strategy for mitigating CH4 release.
  • Ozone (O3) activation offers a novel pathway for low-temperature methane oxidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient catalyst for low-temperature methane combustion.
  • To identify the active sites and reaction mechanism of methane oxidation.
  • To evaluate the catalyst's stability and performance under various conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of ion-exchanged β zeolites (Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Pd).
  • Catalytic activity testing for methane combustion using ozone.
  • X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to determine active species.
  • Single-component artificial force-induced reaction (SC-AFIR) calculations for mechanism elucidation.

Main Results:

  • Co-exchanged β zeolite (Coβ) demonstrated superior performance below 100 °C.
  • Isolated Co2+ species were identified as the primary active sites.
  • Theoretical calculations revealed a reaction pathway with a 73 kJ/mol activation energy.
  • Catalyst activity decreased in the presence of H2O and CO but recovered after dehydration.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated Co2+ in β zeolite is an effective catalyst for low-temperature methane combustion with ozone.
  • The reaction proceeds via a mechanism supported by theoretical calculations.
  • The catalyst exhibits good stability and regenerability, though sensitive to water and carbon monoxide.