Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Correction: Evolutionary aspect of spike glycoprotein's conformational dynamics.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same author

3DTMC-LLM: A 3D Geometry-Aware Large Language Model for Transition Metal Complexes.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026

Same author

Deciphering the temporal and spatial mutation dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same author

Investigating Phase Separation in Genome Folding via Multiscale Computational Modeling.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

RS-WaterQuality Mapper: an open-source water quality remote sensing toolbox in QGIS.

Earth science informatics·2026

Same author

Evolutionary aspect of spike glycoprotein's conformational dynamics.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Reading disability is characterized by reduced print-speech convergence.

Xiaohui Yan^1,2, Yang Fu^1,2, Guoyan Feng³

¹Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Child Development

|July 20, 2024

Summary

Reading disability (RD) shows persistent reduced print-speech convergence in the brain. Developmental delays and compensatory mechanisms were also observed in children and adults with RD.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Published on: October 18, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Published on: October 18, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Cognitive Science

Background:

Reading disability (RD) is often associated with altered print-speech convergence, indicating differences in how the brain processes written and spoken language.
Understanding the developmental trajectory of these neural differences is crucial for identifying effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate developmental changes in print-speech convergence in individuals with and without reading disability from childhood to adulthood.
To identify potential neural signatures and compensatory mechanisms associated with reading disability across different age groups.

Main Methods:

Examined print-speech convergence in 86 participants (children and adults) with or without reading disability.
Utilized neuroimaging techniques to analyze functional brain abnormalities in specific cortical and subcortical regions.
Recruited participants from educational institutions in China between 2020 and 2021.

Main Results:

Persistent reduction in print-speech convergence in the left inferior parietal cortex was observed in both children and adults with RD, suggesting a neural marker.
A reduction in the left inferior frontal gyrus was specific to children with RD, indicating a potential developmental delay.
Increased print-speech convergence in adults with RD in the bilateral cerebellum/fusiform regions suggests compensatory strategies.

Conclusions:

The study reveals distinct patterns of brain functional abnormalities in reading disability that change with development.
Persistent alterations in the left inferior parietal cortex may represent a core neural signature of RD.
Developmental delays in the left inferior frontal gyrus and compensatory mechanisms in the cerebellum highlight the dynamic nature of brain function in RD.