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Buffalopox: An emerging zoonotic challenge.

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Buffalopox virus, a Vaccinia virus variant, causes Buffalopox disease with significant morbidity in humans. Early recognition, isolation, and vaccination are crucial for control, requiring collaboration between animal and human health sectors.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Virology

Background:

  • Buffalopox virus, a Vaccinia virus variant, causes Buffalopox disease.
  • Sporadic human outbreaks are increasingly reported in Southeast Asia, causing significant morbidity.
  • Waning immunity to smallpox increases the risk of orthopox virus reemergence, including Buffalopox.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the public health threat posed by Buffalopox virus.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and management strategies.
  • To advocate for a One Health approach to control Buffalopox virus transmission.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of current literature on Buffalopox virus.
  • Analysis of reported outbreaks in animals and humans.
  • Assessment of existing control measures and vaccination strategies.

Main Results:

  • Buffalopox virus poses a significant, albeit underrecognized, threat to human health.
  • Current control strategies rely on early recognition, isolation, and management.
  • Vaccination in at-risk populations is a key preventive measure.

Conclusions:

  • A collaborative, interdisciplinary approach between veterinary and human health sectors is essential for effective Buffalopox virus control.
  • Continued surveillance and prompt intervention are critical to mitigate outbreaks.
  • Strengthening cross-protective immunity and targeted vaccination are vital public health strategies.