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Related Concept Videos

Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

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Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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Making new drugs the hard way.

Dennis Liotta1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Advances in Pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.)
|July 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Academic research is successfully yielding significant drugs like emtricitabine, sofosbuvir, and molnupiravir, overcoming traditional pharma/biotech advantages through innovative methods and strategic partnerships.

Keywords:
Academic drug discovery and developmentDirect acting antiviralsDrug resistanceDrugs for HIVEmtricitabineHIV reverse transcriptaseHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusHighly active antiretroviral therapyInnovation in academiaIntellectual propertyLamivudineMechanism of actionNucleoside analogPharmaceutical and biotech industryPolymerasePre-exposure prophylaxisSofosbuvirThianucleoside analogsTranslational research

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Area of Science:

  • Drug discovery and development
  • Academic research
  • Pharmaceutical sciences

Background:

  • Pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries generally offer advantages over academic settings for drug discovery.
  • Despite challenges, academia is increasingly contributing significant drug discoveries.
  • The Liotta Research Group (LRG) provides case studies of successful academic drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the unique circumstances enabling academic drug discovery and development success.
  • To highlight key case studies from the Liotta Research Group (LRG).
  • To demonstrate how academic research can lead to impactful therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of three distinct drug development campaigns originating from the LRG.
  • Examination of synthetic methodology, university-commercial partnerships, and specialized academic entities.
  • Focus on identifying and overcoming impediments in academic drug discovery.

Main Results:

  • Emtricitabine (HIV treatment) development succeeded through LRG's synthetic methods and collaborations.
  • Sofosbuvir (Hepatitis C treatment) emerged from Emory University research and Pharmasset's development.
  • Molnupiravir (COVID-19 treatment) was developed by DRIVE/EIDD, an agile academic entity, targeting RNA viruses.

Conclusions:

  • Academic drug discovery is viable and can yield significant therapeutic agents.
  • Strategic partnerships, innovative synthetic chemistry, and agile development structures are crucial for academic success.
  • The LRG's case studies exemplify overcoming traditional barriers in academic drug development.