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Does generative artificial intelligence pose a risk to performance validity test security?

Shannon Lavigne1, Anthony Rios2, Jeremy J Davis1

  • 1Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TXUSA.

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|July 22, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots pose a security risk to performance validity tests (PVTs). While AI responses improved in accuracy, a significant threat to PVT security persists, exceeding traditional search engines.

Keywords:
AI ChatbotsArtificial intelligencegenerative AIperformance validity, test security

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Cybersecurity

Background:

  • Performance Validity Tests (PVTs) are crucial for ensuring the validity of neuropsychological evaluations.
  • The rise of AI chatbots presents novel challenges to test security and data integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the security risks posed by AI chatbots to Performance Validity Tests (PVTs).
  • To evaluate the accuracy and threat level of AI responses concerning neuropsychological evaluation and PVTs.

Main Methods:

  • Generative AI sites (ChatGPT-3, Bard/Gemini) were queried in 2023-2024.
  • Two query sets were used: general refinement and direct requests on "how to cheat."
  • AI responses were rated for inaccuracy and threat level (no, mild, moderate, high).

Main Results:

  • Inaccuracy decreased from 35-42% (2023) to 16-28% (2024).
  • Moderate/high threat ratings decreased from 24-41% (2023) to 17-31% (2024).
  • ChatGPT-3 showed improved accuracy; Bard/Gemini did not significantly change. Ethical opposition to feigning queries increased over time.

Conclusions:

  • AI chatbots represent a significant threat to PVT security.
  • Despite improved accuracy and increased ethical opposition, AI's natural language interface and response volume pose a greater risk than traditional search engines.