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Bernoulli's Principle: Applications

Bernoulli's Principle: Applications

There are many devices and situations in which fluid flows at a constant height and so can be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. These devices include, but are not limited to, entrainment devices and fluid flow measuring devices.
Entrainment devices use a high fluid speed to create low pressures and, thus, entrain one fluid into another. Some examples of these devices are given below:

Laminar Flow

Laminar Flow

Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:

Bioreactor Controls-II

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...

Scale-Up Processes

Scale-Up Processes

The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Published on: October 1, 2007

Customizable Microfluidic Devices: Progress, Constraints, and Future Advances.

Alaa A A Aljabali¹, Mohammad A Obeid¹, Vijay Mishra²

¹Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan.

Current Drug Delivery

|July 22, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microfluidics utilizes small channels for fluid control, offering reduced costs and faster experiments. This review examines current research, limitations, and future potential for customizable microfluidic devices.

Keywords:

Microfluidics SHM microchannels.organs-on-a-chip polyethylene glycol rapid detection reusability

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

Published on: October 1, 2007

Reconfigurable Microfluidic Channel with Pin-discretized Sidewalls

Reconfigurable Microfluidic Channel with Pin-discretized Sidewalls

Published on: April 12, 2018

Rapid Fabrication of Custom Microfluidic Devices for Research and Educational Applications

Rapid Fabrication of Custom Microfluidic Devices for Research and Educational Applications

Published on: November 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Microfluidics
Lab-on-a-chip technology
Miniaturized systems

Background:

Microfluidics studies fluid behavior in micro-channels for controlled manipulation.
These systems leverage unique fluid properties at the microscale, offering advantages over macroscale systems.
Benefits include reduced sample/reagent volumes, lower costs, and accelerated experimental timelines due to miniaturization.

Purpose of the Study:

To scrutinize the current research paradigm in microfluidics.
To identify prevailing limitations and explore potential prospects of customizable microfluidic devices.
To provide a visionary outlook on the future trajectory of microfluidic advancements.

Main Methods:

Review of existing microfluidic systems and their operational principles.
Analysis of current scientific progress and identified constraints in the field.
Exploration of future directions and potential applications for adaptable microfluidic technologies.

Main Results:

Microfluidics has evolved into a multifaceted discipline with specialized subfields like organ-on-a-chip and paper-based microfluidics.
Significant scientific progress has been made, but translation into autonomous end-user applications remains a challenge.
Existing systems, while advanced, face limitations that hinder broader adoption.

Conclusions:

The paper highlights the current state, intricacies, and challenges of microfluidic systems.
It emphasizes the need to address limitations for broader application.
Promising pathways are identified for future microfluidic innovation and development.