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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
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Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
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Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
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NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

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NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
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NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Updated: Jun 20, 2025

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Updated Information on NDB.

Hideo Yasunaga1

  • 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo.

Annals of Clinical Epidemiology
|July 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) is expanding its data accessibility and linkage. Recent studies show increasing use of NDB data, highlighting its growing importance in health research.

Keywords:
NDBNDB Open Dataadministrative claims databasereal-world data

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Public Health
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) was established in 2009.
  • Previous information on the NDB was published in 2019.
  • Data provision to various sectors was legislated in 2020.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated information on the NDB.
  • To review the recent literature utilizing NDB data.
  • To assess the current trends and future potential of NDB studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of original articles using NDB and NDB Open Data.
  • Analysis of publication trends from 2013 to the present.
  • Description of planned NDB data linkages with other national databases.

Main Results:

  • A previous review identified 126 articles from 2013-2022.
  • An updated review found 94 articles in the most recent two years.
  • The number of studies using NDB data is steadily increasing.

Conclusions:

  • The NDB is an increasingly utilized resource for health research in Japan.
  • There is significant potential for expanding NDB studies across diverse subject areas.
  • Planned data linkages are expected to further enhance research capabilities.