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Nanostructured Implant-Tissue Interface Assessment Using a Three-Dimensional Gingival Tissue Equivalent.

Maria Antonia Llopis-Grimalt1,2, Marta Munar-Bestard1,2, Guillem Ramis-Munar3

  • 1Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma 07122, Spain.

ACS Omega
|July 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanostructured titanium surfaces promote better collagen fiber orientation for enhanced soft tissue integration around dental implants. This improved integration may prevent peri-implantitis by creating a stronger transmucosal seal.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Implantology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Soft tissue integration (STI) is crucial for dental implant success and preventing peri-implantitis.
  • Current dental implants show parallel collagen fiber alignment, facilitating bacterial invasion.
  • Nanostructured titanium surfaces may improve gingival cell response and tissue integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the implant-tissue interface using a 3D gingival tissue equivalent (GTE).
  • To compare the response of GTEs to nanostructured (NN) and machined titanium surfaces under simulated peri-implantitis conditions.
  • To analyze collagen fiber orientation at the tissue-implant interface.

Main Methods:

  • GTEs were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from *Porphyromonas gingivalis*.
  • Assays included MTT for viability, ELISA for MMP1/TIMP1, and real-time RT-PCR for gene expression.
  • Serial block face scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence were used to characterize GTE-implant interaction and collagen orientation.

Main Results:

  • GTEs showed similar responses to LPS stimulation on both NN and machined surfaces.
  • A significantly higher proportion of collagen fibers oriented perpendicularly to the implant surface was observed on the NN surface.
  • Biocompatibility and LPS response remained comparable between the two surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Nanostructuration of titanium dental implant abutments facilitates perpendicular collagen fiber orientation.
  • This improved orientation may lead to enhanced soft tissue sealing around dental implants.
  • Nanostructured surfaces maintain biocompatibility while potentially improving STI and reducing peri-implantitis risk.