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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Navigating Pakistan's immunization landscape: Progress and pitfalls.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The 2022 Pakistan floods created a humanitarian crisis, impacting healthcare access.
  • Vulnerable regions with low vaccination coverage are at higher risk for disease outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of the 2022 floods on vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in Pakistan.
  • To analyze disease incidence in flood-affected areas with historically low immunization rates.

Main Methods:

  • Collected and analyzed weekly incidence data for VPDs from September to November 2021 and 2022.
  • Compared year-on-year changes in disease incidence across Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Baluchistan.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in VPDs observed post-floods, including a 171% rise in pertussis and nearly 1000% in mumps.
  • Substantial increases in polio, diphtheria, neonatal tetanus, measles, chickenpox, and rubella cases.
  • Notable surges in lower respiratory tract and diarrheal diseases among children under five.

Conclusions:

  • Relief and healthcare efforts were insufficient in managing VPDs after the floods.
  • Urgent need for targeted interventions, enhanced immunization, and improved healthcare infrastructure in vulnerable regions.
  • The post-flood period is critical for addressing vaccination gaps and preventing future outbreaks.