Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
Published on: April 30, 2014
Arthroscopic Confirmation of Femoral Button Deployment During Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Ahmad Abed Ali1, Francesco Pettinari1, Ali Alayane1
1Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Lyon, France.
Abstract:
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) ruptures are uncommonly seen in knee ligament injuries. Cconservative treatment is often suitable for isolated tears with mild-to-moderate posterior knee laxity (grades I or II). However, surgical intervention is indicated for symptomatic grade III or multiligament knee injuries. PCL reconstruction has experienced continuous development due to the progress made in arthroscopic techniques and instruments. Abnormal positioning and tensioning of the femoral button result in multiple complications such as residual laxity, loss of quadriceps muscle strength, and joint stiffness. In this Technical Note, we describe direct arthroscopic visualization of the femoral button deployment in PCL reconstruction technique, and we discuss its importance to prevent complications related to button malposition.
Related Concept Videos
Mismatch Repair
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Fractures: Bone Repair
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

