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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

113
The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
113
Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis00:59

Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis

55
Noncompartmental analyses offer an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without relying on a specific compartmental model. In this approach, the drug's pharmacokinetics are assumed to be linear, with the terminal phase log-linear. This assumption allows for simplified analysis and interpretation of the drug's behavior in the body.
One important characteristic of noncompartmental analyses is that drug exposure increases proportionally with increasing doses. This...
55
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

251
Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
251
Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

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A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...
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  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Pharmacology And Pharmaceutical Sciences
  9. Toxicology (incl. Clinical Toxicology)
  11. Polypharmacy In Spinal Cord Injury: Matched Cohort Analysis Comparing Drug Classes, Medical Complications, And Healthcare Utilization Metrics With 24-month Follow-up.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Pharmacology And Pharmaceutical Sciences
  9. Toxicology (incl. Clinical Toxicology)
  11. Polypharmacy In Spinal Cord Injury: Matched Cohort Analysis Comparing Drug Classes, Medical Complications, And Healthcare Utilization Metrics With 24-month Follow-up.

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Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation
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Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

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Polypharmacy in spinal cord injury: Matched cohort analysis comparing drug classes, medical complications, and healthcare utilization metrics with 24-month follow-up.

Nicholas Dietz1, Victoria Alkin1, Nitin Agarwal2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
|July 22, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.
Keywords:
Adverse eventsHealthcare utilizationPolypharmacySpinal cord injury

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Polypharmacy is common in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients, increasing risks of infections, depression, and adverse drug events. This leads to significantly higher healthcare costs over two years.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Polypharmacy, the concurrent use of multiple medications, is prevalent in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.
  • This practice increases the risk of adverse events and complicates long-term care management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term health consequences of polypharmacy in SCI patients.
  • To assess the economic burden associated with polypharmacy in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the IBM Marketscan Research Databases.
  • Adult patients with SCI were analyzed over a 2-year follow-up period, comparing cohorts with and without polypharmacy.

Main Results:

  • 63% of SCI patients (7235 individuals) exhibited polypharmacy, taking a median of 11 drugs.
  • Polypharmacy was linked to increased risks of pneumonia (58% vs. 45%), UTIs (79% vs. 63%), depression (76% vs. 57%), and adverse drug events (24% vs. 15%).
  • Median healthcare payments were substantially higher in the polypharmacy group ($44,333 vs. $10,937).

    • Conclusions:

    • Polypharmacy is a significant issue in SCI, with a majority of patients using multiple high-risk medications.
    • It is associated with increased morbidity, including infections and depression, and higher healthcare expenditures.
    • Interventions to manage polypharmacy in SCI patients are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing costs.