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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells
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Treatment Options for Brain Metastases.

Ariel Choi1, John Hunting2, Claire Lanier1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|July 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Advances in brain metastasis treatment are improving patient survival. New therapies and technologies, alongside multidisciplinary care, are crucial for managing complex cases and salvage treatments.

Keywords:
Brain metastasesStereotactic radiosurgeryWhole brain radiation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Medical technology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Patient life expectancies for brain metastasis are increasing.
  • Treatment landscape for brain metastasis is rapidly evolving.
  • Complexities in treatment necessitate advanced management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel advances in brain metastasis therapy.
  • To highlight the importance of multidisciplinary management.
  • To discuss evolving treatment paradigms for prolonged survival.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent technological advancements in radiation delivery and surgical guidance.
  • Assessment of systemic therapies capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier.
  • Emphasis on integrated, multidisciplinary care approaches.

Main Results:

  • Improved radiation delivery and surgical guidance technologies enhance treatment precision.
  • Systemic therapies show promise in targeting brain metastases.
  • Multidisciplinary management is essential for complex and salvage treatment scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • Evolving therapies and technologies are improving outcomes for brain metastasis.
  • Integrated, multidisciplinary care is critical for optimizing patient management and survival.
  • Continued innovation is needed to address the challenges of brain metastasis.