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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Immune-related colitis presenting with constipation.

Athanasios Malkopoulos1, Robert Mason2, Sooraj Pillai2

  • 1Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia thano.malkopoulos@health.qld.gov.au.

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|July 22, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anticancer immunotherapies can cause immune-related adverse events like colitis. Three atypical cases highlight diverse presentations, potentially delaying diagnosis of this common side effect.

Keywords:
Gastrointestinal systemOncologyUnwanted effects / adverse reactions

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Anticancer immunotherapies harness the immune system to fight cancer.
  • Immune system modulation can cause off-target effects, leading to autoimmunity.
  • Colitis is a common immune-related adverse event (irAE).

Observation:

  • Three patients presented with atypical colitis.
  • These atypical presentations led to delayed diagnoses.
  • The cases illustrate varied manifestations of irAEs.

Findings:

  • Immune-related colitis can present in diverse and unexpected ways.
  • Delayed diagnosis can occur due to atypical disease presentation.
  • Recognizing varied presentations is crucial for timely intervention.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider irAEs, including colitis, even with atypical symptoms.
  • Early recognition of diverse colitis presentations can improve patient outcomes.
  • Understanding varied irAE presentations is vital for safe immunotherapy use.