Biomimetic Porous MXene Antibacterial Adsorbents with Enhanced Toxins Trapping Ability for Hemoperfusion

2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, i.e., MXene, are recently attracting wide attentions and presenting competitive performances as adsorbents used in hemoperfusion. Nonetheless, the nonporous texture and easily restacking feature limit the efficient adsorption of toxin molecules inside MXene and between layers. To circumvent this concern, here a plerogyra sinuosa biomimetic porous titanium carbide MXene (P-Ti₃C₂) is reported. The hollow and hierarchically porous structure with large surface area benefits the maximum access of toxins as well as trapping them inside the spherical cavity. The cambered surface of P-Ti₃C₂ prevents layers restacking, thus affording better interlaminar adsorption. In addition to enhanced toxin removal ability, the P-Ti₃C₂ is found to selectively adsorb more middle and large toxin molecules than small toxin molecules. It possibly originates from the rich Ti-deficient vacancies in the P-MXene lattice that increases the affinity with middle/large toxin molecules. Also, the vacancies as active sites facilitate the production of reactive oxygen under NIR irradiation to promote the photodynamic antibacterial performance. Then, the versatility of P-MXene is validated by extension to niobium carbide (P-Nb₂C). And the simulated hemoperfusion proves the practicability of the P-MXene as polymeric adhesives-free adsorbents to eliminate the broad-spectrum toxins.