Early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Preventive Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) incidence is increasing in younger populations.
• Traditional risk factors alone do not fully explain early-onset ASCVD.
• Unique factors like substance use, socioeconomic status, and inflammation contribute to premature ASCVD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on causal risk factors for early-onset ASCVD.
• To highlight emerging tools for improved ASCVD risk assessment in young individuals.
• To address disparities in ASCVD diagnosis and management based on sex and race.

Main Methods:

• Review of current scientific literature on early-onset ASCVD.
• Analysis of traditional and unique risk factors in younger demographics.
• Evaluation of emerging risk assessment technologies.

Main Results:

• Younger individuals face increasing rates of ASCVD.
• Factors beyond traditional cardiometabolic risks are implicated.
• Disparities in ASCVD care exist across sex and race.

Conclusions:

• Early life-stage interventions are needed for ASCVD prevention.
• Personalized risk assessment using novel tools is promising.
• Addressing unique risk factors and disparities is vital for combating premature ASCVD.