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Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
Published on: October 4, 2024
Self-management of primary dysmenorrhea-related pain: cross-sectional study on non-pharmacological interventions
Jéssica Cordeiro Rodrigues1, Guilherme Tavares de Arruda2, Pâmela Calixto de Moraes1
1Women's Health Research Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
Abstract:
Aim: Different nonpharmacological strategies are adopted to decrease primary dysmenorrhea (PD)-related pain. The present study aimed to verify women's use of nonpharmacological methods for pain and compare them with evidence from the literature.Materials & methods: A two-step study was conducted, comprising an online survey with 9144 women to assess nonpharmacological strategies for relieving PD-related pain, and a literature review on PubMed of verify the evidence of nonpharmacological methods.Results: Many women reported using heat therapy (61.5%), tea (42.4%) and massage (30.9%) to alleviate menstrual pain. However, the literature on these methods is limited.Conclusion: Several nonpharmacological methods are used by women to relieve PD-related pain and studies with low bias risk are needed to prove their effectiveness.
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