Oxochlorin frameworks confining a β-hydroxyketone moiety
Nivedita Chaudhri1,2, Matthew J Guberman-Pfeffer3, Matthias Zeller4
1Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA. c.bruckner@uconn.edu.
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|July 23, 2024
Summary
Meso-hydroxyoxochlorins feature an acetylacetonate-like moiety but do not chelate transition metals due to aromaticity concerns. Halochromic properties reveal protonation sites, supported by computational analysis.
Area of Science:
- Organic Chemistry
- Coordination Chemistry
- Photochemistry
Background:
- Meso-hydroxyoxochlorins possess acetylacetonate (acac)-like moieties within their chromophore structures.
- These moieties exhibit enol forms and strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding between enol and beta-ketone groups.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the metal-chelating capabilities of the acac-like functionality in meso-hydroxyoxochlorins.
- To understand the electronic properties and protonation/deprotonation sites within these molecules.
Main Methods:
- X-ray diffraction studies to analyze crystal structures and hydrogen bonding.
- Testing the chelation of 3d and 4d transition metal ions.
- Halochromism studies to probe protonation sites.
- Computational analysis to support experimental findings.
Main Results:
- Meso-hydroxyoxochlorins, despite having acac-like structures, do not effectively chelate transition metal ions.
- Chelation is hindered by the perturbation of porphyrinic chromophore aromaticity, outweighing metal binding energies.
- Halochromic properties indicate specific protonation/deprotonation sites within the molecules.
Conclusions:
- The unique structure of meso-hydroxyoxochlorins prevents metal chelation due to aromaticity preservation.
- Protonation/deprotonation behavior is linked to the chromophore's electronic structure and stability.
Related Concept Videos
Reactivity of Enols
3.0K
Enols are a class of compounds where a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon–carbon double bond, which implies that it is a vinyl alcohol. A carbonyl compound with an α hydrogen undergoes keto–enol tautomerism and remains in equilibrium with its tautomer, the enol form. Usually, the keto tautomer is present in a higher concentration than the enol tautomer due to the higher bond energy of C=O compared to C=C. Moreover, the direction of the keto–enol equilibrium is...
3.0K
α-Hydroxy Ketones via Reductive Coupling of Esters: Acyloin Condensation Overview
2.9K
The pinacol and McMurry reactions involve the reductive coupling of ketones or aldehydes. Similarly, the bimolecular reductive coupling of two ester molecules in the presence of sodium metal in an aprotic solvent yields an α-hydroxy ketone product. The α-hydroxy ketone is also called acyloin, so the reaction is referred to as ‘acyloin condensation.’
2.9K
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation
17.9K
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
17.9K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids
5.7K
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
5.7K
Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones
8.6K
Vanillin—a flavoring agent in vanilla, cinnamaldehyde—a molecule responsible for the distinct smell of cinnamon, and acetone—a strong-smelling ingredient in nail polish removers, all belong to a class of carbonyl compounds called aldehydes and ketones (Figure 1). Although both aldehydes and ketones contain the characteristic carbonyl (C=O) bond, their chemical structures vary with respect to the groups directly attached to the carbonyl carbon.
In aldehydes (Figures 1a and 1b),...
In aldehydes (Figures 1a and 1b),...
8.6K
Preparation of Epoxides
7.5K
Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of...
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of...
7.5K


