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Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
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Associations between brain imaging-derived phenotypes and cognitive functions.

Yi Liu1, Ouxi Shen2, Huating Zhu2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|July 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain structure variations, specifically left fusiform gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus surface area, and left superior longitudinal fasciculus orientation dispersion, predict verbal-numerical reasoning ability. Reverse analysis confirmed no causal effect of reasoning on these brain traits.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationbiomarkerbrain imaging–derived phenotypescognitive functionsverbal–numerical reasoning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Understanding the relationship between brain structure and cognitive function is crucial for neuroscience.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a powerful tool to investigate potential causal links between phenotypes.
  • Previous studies have explored associations, but causal relationships between brain imaging phenotypes and cognition require robust investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential causal relationship between brain imaging-derived phenotypes and cognitive functions using Mendelian randomization (MR).
  • To identify specific brain structures and white matter tracts associated with verbal-numerical reasoning.
  • To investigate potential reverse causation from cognitive function to brain imaging phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic instruments for 470 brain imaging-derived phenotypes from UK Biobank genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
  • Obtained GWAS statistics for cognitive functions from the UK Biobank.
  • Applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR and reverse MR analyses to assess causality and reverse causation.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant associations between three brain imaging phenotypes and verbal-numerical reasoning.
  • Cortical surface area of the left fusiform gyrus (beta=0.18, P=4.74×10⁻⁷) and right superior temporal gyrus (beta=0.25, P=6.30×10⁻⁷) were positively associated.
  • Orientation dispersion in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (beta=0.14, P=8.37×10⁻⁷) was also positively associated with verbal-numerical reasoning. Reverse MR confirmed no reverse causation.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical surface area of the left fusiform gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus, along with left superior longitudinal fasciculus orientation dispersion, are potential predictors of verbal-numerical reasoning.
  • The identified brain imaging phenotypes causally influence verbal-numerical reasoning ability.
  • This MR study provides evidence for a unidirectional causal relationship from specific brain structural and microstructural traits to cognitive performance.