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Application in Parallel to U.S. Residency Training Programs in Multiple Specialties: Trends and Differences by

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    Parallel application, applying to multiple residency specialties, is common but declining overall. While it doesn't significantly drive the increase in total applications, focusing on specialty-specific application numbers is key for reform.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Education
    • Residency Admissions
    • Graduate Medical Education

    Background:

    • The number of residency applications per applicant and associated costs are rising unsustainably.
    • Little research has explored the role of parallel applications in this trend.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the prevalence and trends of parallel applications in residency.
    • To determine the contribution of parallel applications to the growth in application numbers.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) data from 2009-2021.
    • Inclusion of MD, DO, and international medical graduate (IMG) applicants.
    • Analysis of parallel application rates, mean number of specialties applied to, and total submitted applications.

    Main Results:

    • The overall percentage of applicants applying to multiple specialties decreased from 41.3% to 35.4% between 2009 and 2021.
    • DO applicants were the exception, showing a slight increase in parallel application rates.
    • International medical graduates (IMGs and USIMGs) had the highest rates of parallel application, though these also declined.
    • Despite a decrease in parallel application rates, the mean number of applications submitted increased significantly for both single-specialty and parallel-applying applicants.

    Conclusions:

    • Parallel application is a common but slowly declining phenomenon in residency applications.
    • Parallel application does not appear to be a major driver of the increasing number of applications per candidate.
    • Future efforts to manage application growth should focus on the number of applications submitted within each specialty.