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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

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Off-iso Winston-Lutz test on seven linear accelerators.

Junfang Gao1,2, David Anand2

  • 1Radiotherapy Clinics of Georgia, Decatur, Georgia, USA.

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics
|July 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Newer linear accelerators, like Varian TrueBeam, offer superior precision for single isocenter, multiple target stereotactic radiosurgery (SIMT-SRS) compared to older models. Optimal gantry, collimator, and couch angles ensure accuracy up to 7 cm off-isocenter distance.

Keywords:
SIMT‐SRSWinston‐Lutz‐Gao testmultiple‐mets SRSoff‐iso Winston‐Lutz test

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Radiosurgery Quality Assurance

Background:

  • Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) requires high precision in radiation delivery.
  • Single isocenter, multiple target SRS (SIMT-SRS) presents unique challenges for geometric accuracy.
  • Gantry, collimator, and couch (GCC) angles significantly impact treatment accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine optimal GCC angles for SIMT-SRS.
  • To evaluate isocenter alignment accuracy using the off-isocenter Winston-Lutz test.
  • To assess the impact of simulated patient weight on treatment accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the SNC MultiMet-WL phantom and software for off-isocenter Winston-Lutz testing.
  • Delivered 19 beams across seven linear accelerators with couch kicks at five cardinal angles.
  • Employed EPID for target alignment and test image acquisition, simulating 200 lbs patient weight.

Main Results:

  • Newer Varian TrueBeam machines achieved <1 mm offset within 7 cm off-isocenter distance.
  • Older VitalBeam and C-Series Linacs showed unfavorable GCC angles and higher offsets.
  • IGRT couches were less affected by simulated patient weight than ExactCouch.

Conclusions:

  • Newer linear accelerators (e.g., Varian TrueBeam) are more precise for SIMT-SRS across all GCC angle sets.
  • TrueBeam machines can perform SIMT-SRS for targets up to 7 cm off-isocenter.
  • IGRT couch stability is superior to ExactCouch under simulated patient weight conditions.