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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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TEMPUS, a Timepix4-based system for the event-based detection of X-rays.

Jonathan Correa1, Alexandr Ignatenko2, David Pennicard3

  • 1Center for Free-Electron Laser Science - CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|July 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

TEMPUS, a new photon science detector, uses the Timepix4 chip for high-speed photon counting and nanosecond time-stamping. Initial prototype tests at PETRA III and ESRF demonstrate its capabilities for advanced X-ray measurements.

Keywords:
Timepix4X-ray detectorevent-drivenphoton sciencesparse-readout

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Area of Science:

  • Photon science
  • X-ray detection
  • Detector systems

Background:

  • The Timepix4 chip enables novel detector capabilities.
  • Advanced photon detection is crucial for scientific research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the TEMPUS detector prototype.
  • Evaluate the performance of the TEMPUS system.
  • Showcase the capabilities of the Timepix4 chip in a new detector.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a single-chip TEMPUS prototype.
  • Implementation of photon-counting and event-driven time-stamping modes.
  • Performance evaluation using X-ray sources at PETRA III and ESRF.

Main Results:

  • The TEMPUS detector prototype was successfully developed.
  • Demonstrated high frame rates in photon-counting mode (up to 40 kfps).
  • Achieved nanosecond time resolution in event-driven mode under moderate X-ray flux.

Conclusions:

  • The TEMPUS detector system shows promise for photon science applications.
  • The Timepix4 chip facilitates versatile operation modes for X-ray detection.
  • The prototype's performance is validated by experimental results from leading synchrotron facilities.