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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter theory

Background:

  • The Mpemba effect describes counterintuitive faster freezing of hotter water.
  • Classical Mpemba effect mechanisms remain poorly understood.
  • Far-from-equilibrium systems challenge conventional physical intuition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate a quantum version of the Mpemba effect in closed many-body systems.
  • Establish criteria for faster relaxation in asymmetric initial quantum configurations.
  • Relate quantum Mpemba effect to initial state properties like charge fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized entanglement asymmetry to define criteria for quantum Mpemba effect.
  • Employed exact analytic and numerical techniques for analysis.
  • Studied models including free fermions, Rule 54 cellular automaton, and Lieb-Liniger.

Main Results:

  • Identified criteria for quantum Mpemba effect in integrable systems.
  • Demonstrated faster symmetry restoration from asymmetric initial states.
  • Linked charge fluctuations in initial states to the occurrence of the quantum Mpemba effect.

Conclusions:

  • Provided a framework to understand the quantum Mpemba effect in integrable systems.
  • Entanglement asymmetry serves as a key criterion for the quantum Mpemba effect.
  • Initial state properties significantly influence relaxation dynamics in quantum systems.