Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

5.1K
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
5.1K
Lipid Digestion01:06

Lipid Digestion

91.4K
Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
91.4K
Lipids as Anchors01:32

Lipids as Anchors

5.6K
In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...
5.6K
Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

4.3K
Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin,...
4.3K
Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

421
Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
421
Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

5.2K
Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dual-action mitochondria-targeted prodrugs that both deplete mitochondrial glutathione and deliver a toxic payload to the matrix.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Clustered Mitochondrial Homolog Inhibition by Lipocalin-2 Orchestrates Mitochondrial Disruption and Contributes to Kidney Disease.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2026
Same author

An inherited mitochondrial DNA mutation remodels inflammatory cytokine responses in macrophages and in vivo in mice.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Multifaceted mitochondria in innate immunity.

npj metabolic health and disease·2025
Same author

Macrophages say NO to nucleotide synthesis and salvage instead.

Nature metabolism·2025
Same author

Clinically translatable mitochondrial gene therapy in muscle using tandem mtZFN architecture.

EMBO molecular medicine·2025
Same journal

Hunting ecology predicts eye arrangements in the modular visual system of spiders.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Sub-second fluctuations between top-down and bottom-up modes distinguish diverse human brain states.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Queen bees offload pesticide burden to eggs when social buffering is overwhelmed.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Pitch selectivity in ferret auditory cortex.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

A cell size-dependent competition between geometry and polarity governs nuclear and spindle positioning in early embryos.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same journal

Trophic cascades drive sustainability in the agricultural heritage rice-fish coculture system.

Current biology : CB·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
07:20

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

428

Lipocalins.

Eloïse Marques1, Morgan Gallazzini1

  • 1Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 160 Rue de Vaugirard, Paris 75015, France.

Current Biology : CB
|July 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces the lipocalin family, small extracellular proteins. It covers their structure, functions, and involvement in various diseases.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Basal and Forskolin-stimulated Lipolysis in Inguinal Adipose Fat Pads
07:59

Measurement of Basal and Forskolin-stimulated Lipolysis in Inguinal Adipose Fat Pads

Published on: July 21, 2017

9.6K
SorLA and CLC:CLF-1-dependent Downregulation of CNTFRα as Demonstrated by Western Blotting, Inhibition of Lysosomal Enzymes, and Immunocytochemistry
10:16

SorLA and CLC:CLF-1-dependent Downregulation of CNTFRα as Demonstrated by Western Blotting, Inhibition of Lysosomal Enzymes, and Immunocytochemistry

Published on: January 6, 2017

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
07:20

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

428
Measurement of Basal and Forskolin-stimulated Lipolysis in Inguinal Adipose Fat Pads
07:59

Measurement of Basal and Forskolin-stimulated Lipolysis in Inguinal Adipose Fat Pads

Published on: July 21, 2017

9.6K
SorLA and CLC:CLF-1-dependent Downregulation of CNTFRα as Demonstrated by Western Blotting, Inhibition of Lysosomal Enzymes, and Immunocytochemistry
10:16

SorLA and CLC:CLF-1-dependent Downregulation of CNTFRα as Demonstrated by Western Blotting, Inhibition of Lysosomal Enzymes, and Immunocytochemistry

Published on: January 6, 2017

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • The lipocalin superfamily comprises small, secreted proteins known for binding and transporting hydrophobic ligands.
  • These proteins play critical roles in diverse physiological processes, including immunity, lipid metabolism, and drug transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the lipocalin protein family.
  • To detail the structural characteristics, functional diversity, and pathological implications of lipocalins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on lipocalins.
  • Analysis of structural data and functional studies of representative lipocalin members.

Main Results:

  • Lipocalins share a conserved tertiary structure characterized by an eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel forming a binding pocket.
  • The family exhibits remarkable functional plasticity, with members involved in retinol binding, odorant transport, and inflammatory responses.
  • Dysregulation of lipocalin expression and function is implicated in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The lipocalin family represents a versatile protein superfamily with significant biological and medical relevance.
  • Understanding lipocalin structure-function relationships is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting diseases associated with these proteins.