Effect of "fast"-crystallization and simultaneous glazing on physicochemical properties of lithium-disilicate CAD/CAM
Fabián Murillo-Gómez1, Federico Murillo-Alvarado2, Fabián Vásquez-Sancho3
1Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica; Dental Materials Research Laboratory (LIMD), School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Objective:
Evaluate the impact of a "fast" crystallization and simultaneous-glazing on the physicochemical properties of lithium-disilicate CAD/CAM-ceramic.
Methods:
Lithium-disilicate bars and crowns (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar-Vivadent) were divided into four groups (n = 30): WG/F (WG=with glaze/F=fast crystallization), NG/F (NG=no glaze), WG/C (C=conventional crystallization), and NG/C. A liquid/powder glaze system was used (IPS Ivocolor®, Ivoclar-Vivadent). Specimens were crystallized (Programat P310, Ivoclar-Vivadent) using the P161 program for C (approx. 20-25 min), and P165 for F (approx. 14-16 min). Bars (n = 30) underwent three-point bending tests (flexural strength-FS in MPa and modulus of elasticity-E in GPa) using a universal testing machine. Crowns were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after selective etching, and to Raman, FTIR-ATR, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies to assess chemical composition.
Results:
For FS, both factors/interaction were statistically significant. C (427.48±42.41 MPa) showed significantly higher values than F (409.82±38.82 MPa). WG (398.32±29.80 MPa) exhibited significantly lower FS than NG (438.21±41.77 MPa). For E data, both factors/interaction were significant. NG (90.28±14.71 GPa) displayed higher E than WG (83.07±5.69 GPa), while C (90.08±12.98 GPa) exhibited higher E than F (83.46±9.40 GPa). NG/C showed the best results for both variables. F groups showed (SEM) porous surfaces and crack-like marks on crystals. FTIR, Raman and XRD spectra confirmed the typical composition of a lithium-disilicate glass ceramic, and some attenuated signals and structural variations (XRD) in WG.
Conclusions:
"Fast" crystallization and simultaneous-glazing produced weaker/less-rigid structures with irregular crystals and glassy phases. Simultaneous glazing may have hindered proper thermal distribution during crystallization.
Significance:
"Fast" crystallization and simultaneous glazing with non-recommended systems, can adversely affect the final properties of lithium disilicate restorations.
