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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization
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Serotonergic Modulation of Olfactory Processing in Locust Antennae.

Xinyang Zhang1, Xiao Xu2

  • 1Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang Province, China.

Current Opinion in Insect Science
|July 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Serotonin receptor 2 in locust antennae modulates odour signals. This review explores neuromodulator roles in insect peripheral olfactory systems, highlighting serotonin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Insect Olfaction
  • Chemical Ecology

Background:

  • Insect olfactory systems detect complex chemical cues.
  • Neuromodulators are known to affect central olfactory processing.
  • Roles in peripheral olfactory systems, like antennae, are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Focus on serotonin (5-HT) receptor 2 in locust antennae.
  • Investigate its modulatory function on odour inputs.
  • Review neuromodulator roles in insect peripheral olfaction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on insect olfaction.
  • Analysis of serotonin receptor function in locust antennae.
  • Comparative study across different insect species.

Main Results:

  • Serotonin receptor 2 significantly modulates odour signals in locust antennae.
  • Evidence suggests widespread neuromodulatory roles in insect peripheral olfaction.
  • Identified gaps in understanding serotonin's impact.

Conclusions:

  • Serotonin plays a key role in peripheral olfactory processing in insects.
  • Further research is needed on neuromodulators in insect antennae.
  • Potential for novel pest control strategies targeting olfactory pathways.