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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

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The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...
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Breathing01:05

Breathing

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

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Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
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Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

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Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
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Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

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Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
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Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

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Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
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Method to Obtain Pattern of Breathing in Senescent Mice through Unrestrained Barometric Plethysmography
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Defining a core breath profile for healthy, non-human primates.

Carly A Bobak1,2, Keisean A J M Stevenson3,4, Ning Sun5

  • 1Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.

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Researchers established a healthy baseline breath profile for non-human primates. This vital breathprint, comprising 23 key molecules, aids future studies on diseases, therapies, and vaccines in macaques.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Pre-clinical Disease Modeling
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Non-human primates are crucial pre-clinical models for human diseases.
  • Primate breath analysis has previously identified disease states.
  • A non-invasive method to establish a healthy baseline is needed for comparative studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define a healthy baseline breath profile in non-human primates.
  • To establish a standardized breathprint for future research in macaques.
  • To support studies evaluating diseases, therapies, and vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot study involving 30 healthy macaques.
  • Breath sample collection using Tedlar bags.
  • Analysis via comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS).

Main Results:

  • Identified 2,017 distinct molecular features in macaque breath.
  • Discovered 113 molecules consistently present across all samples.
  • Defined a core breathprint of 23 highly abundant and invariant molecules.

Conclusions:

  • A critical core of 23 molecules serves as a pragmatic breathprint for healthy primates.
  • This baseline profile is valuable for future validation studies.
  • Establishes a foundation for non-invasive health monitoring in non-human primate research.