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Related Concept Videos

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

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The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
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Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

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The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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How to Measure Cortical Folding from MR Images: a Step-by-Step Tutorial to Compute Local Gyrification Index
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Cortical Morphological Networks Differ Between Gyri and Sulci.

Qingchun Lin1, Suhui Jin1, Guole Yin1

  • 1Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.

Neuroscience Bulletin
|July 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Human brain networks differ based on cortical folding patterns. Gyri-gyri networks show distinct reliability and similarity compared to sulci-sulci networks, impacting cognition and major depressive disorder insights.

Keywords:
Cortical foldingGraph theoryMagnetic resonance imagingMorphological connectivityTest-retest reliability

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging
  • Network Science

Background:

  • The human brain connectome is increasingly studied using morphological brain networks.
  • Cortical folding patterns, comprising gyri (convex) and sulci (concave), are fundamental to brain structure.
  • Understanding how these folding patterns influence network organization is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of cortical folding patterns (gyri vs. sulci) on single-subject morphological brain networks.
  • To compare network properties derived from different neuroimaging metrics (cortical thickness, gyrification index, fractal dimension, sulcal depth).
  • To explore the behavioral associations and clinical relevance of these folding-pattern-based networks.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of gyri-gyri, sulci-sulci, and gyral-sulcal networks using various neuroimaging metrics.
  • Analysis of network properties including morphological similarity, small-world parameters, and test-retest reliability.
  • Behavioral association analysis with cognitive and motor domains.
  • Clinical application by comparing network properties in major depressive disorder.

Main Results:

  • Gyri-gyri networks showed higher morphological similarity and lower reliability than sulci-sulci networks for cortical thickness and gyrification index.
  • Opposite patterns were observed for fractal dimension-based networks.
  • Gyri-gyri and gyral-sulcal networks explained variance in cognition and motor domains for fractal dimension and sulcal depth networks.
  • Sulci-sulci networks exhibited reduced morphological similarity in major depressive disorder across multiple metrics.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical folding patterns significantly constrain the organization and properties of morphological brain networks.
  • Distinct network characteristics arise from gyral versus sulcal regions, with implications for understanding brain function and dysfunction.
  • Sulci-sulci networks demonstrate potential as a sensitive biomarker for neurological conditions like major depressive disorder.