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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

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Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Dipole Moment of a Molecule
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Solubility03:00

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Physical Sciences
  7. Condensed Matter Physics
  9. Surface Properties Of Condensed Matter
  11. Effects Of Charge Asymmetry On The Liquid-liquid Phase Separation Of Polyampholytes And Their Condensate Properties.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Physical Sciences
  7. Condensed Matter Physics
  9. Surface Properties Of Condensed Matter
  11. Effects Of Charge Asymmetry On The Liquid-liquid Phase Separation Of Polyampholytes And Their Condensate Properties.

Related Experiment Video

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

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Effects of charge asymmetry on the liquid-liquid phase separation of polyampholytes and their condensate properties.

Yaxin An1, Tong Gao1, Tianyi Wang1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, USA. yxan@lsu.edu.

Soft Matter
|July 24, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Charge-asymmetric polyampholytes inhibit liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in mixtures with charge-symmetric polyampholytes. Increasing charge-asymmetric content reduces condensate density and enhances polymer diffusion, altering condensate properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Polymer Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) drives biomolecular condensate formation, crucial for cellular functions.
  • Electrostatic interactions are key drivers of LLPS, but poorly understood in complex biomolecular mixtures.
  • Polyampholytes, proteins with mixed charges, exhibit diverse LLPS behaviors influenced by charge distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate electrostatic interactions in mixtures of charge-symmetric and charge-asymmetric polyampholytes.
  • Determine the role of charge-asymmetric polyampholytes in modulating LLPS of binary mixtures.
  • Analyze the impact of charge asymmetry on condensate properties, including density, conformation, and dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Coarse-grained simulations were employed to model polyampholyte mixtures.
  • Charge-asymmetric (E35K15) and charge-symmetric (E25K25) model proteins were constructed.
  • Phase separation behavior and condensate properties were analyzed across varying molar fractions.

    • Main Results:

    • Charge-asymmetric polyampholyte E35K15 inhibited LLPS in E25K25/E35K15 mixtures.
    • Condensate density decreased with increasing E35K15 molar fraction, with no LLPS above 0.5.
    • E35K15 polymers adopted collapsed states, while E25K25 conformations changed minimally; surface tension decreased and diffusivity increased.

    Conclusions:

    • Charge-asymmetric polyampholytes significantly influence LLPS and condensate properties in binary mixtures.
    • Electrostatic repulsion from charge-asymmetric polymers disrupts condensate formation.
    • Understanding charge patterns is critical for predicting and controlling biomolecular phase separation.