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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
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Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I
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Factors Associated With Mosaicism in Human Embryos: A Retrospective Study.

Long Nu-Hai Nguyen1, Huy Phuong Tran1, Vy Nguyen-Thao Do2

  • 1Infertility Department, Hung Vuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM.

Cureus
|July 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Female age significantly increases the risk of embryo mosaicism, a condition identified through preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). This finding highlights age as a key factor in IVF outcomes and embryo health.

Keywords:
biopsyhuman embryoivfmosaicismpreimplantation genetic testing

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Human Embryology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Embryo mosaicism, where cells have different chromosomal compositions, is a concern in preimplantation genetic testing (PGT).
  • Identifying factors influencing mosaicism is crucial for improving in-vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate demographic and clinical factors associated with embryo mosaicism.
  • To determine the impact of female and male age on mosaicism rates in human embryos.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 308 embryos from 73 couples undergoing IVF and PGT (2018-2022).
  • Evaluation of variables including female/male age, BMI, AMH, blood type, and sperm quality.
  • Statistical analysis using univariable and multivariable models.

Main Results:

  • Mosaicism was detected in 31.8% of embryos.
  • Female age was significantly associated with increased odds of mosaicism (OR=1.11, p=0.003).
  • Male age showed a marginal association (OR=1.05, p=0.07), which disappeared in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Female age is a critical factor influencing embryo mosaicism.
  • Other analyzed factors like BMI, AMH, blood type, and sperm quality were not significantly associated.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of embryo mosaicism.