The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Skin and Their Interactions with Nanoparticles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include exosomes and microvesicles. They are released from cells under both physiological and pathological conditions. EVs can be isolated from a host of biological mediums, such as blood plasma, saliva, and skin. The role of EVs and their contents including RNA, proteins, and signaling molecules, depends on the specific cells and organs from which they are derived and diseased state. EVs play a key role in cell-to-cell communication. Although the role of EVs in skin biology is a developing field, recent literature suggests they play an important role in skin homeostasis, disease, and transdermal drug delivery. EVs have been shown to modulate skin pigmentation, and aid in the cutaneous wound healing process and the secretion of nanoparticles. This paper reviews the basics of EV biogenesis, their isolation and their role in skin. We also review what is currently known about how nanoparticles may impact the contents of EVs in the skin.