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Updated: Jun 19, 2025
Design of an Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioink and Food Melt Extrusion 3D Printer
Published on: March 2, 2020
Design considerations and biomaterials selection in embedded extrusion 3D bioprinting
Swaprakash Yogeshwaran1, Hossein Goodarzi Hosseinabadi2,3, Daniel E Gendy1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Newark College of Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Dr Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. am3296@njit.edu.
Abstract:
In embedded extrusion 3D bioprinting, a temporary matrix preserves a paste-like filament ejecting from a narrow nozzle. For granular sacrificial matrices, the methodology is known as the freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH). Embedded extrusion 3D bioprinting methods result in more rapid and controlled manufacturing of cell-laden tissue constructs, particularly vascular and multi-component structures. This report focuses on the working principles and bioink design criteria for implementing conventional embedded extrusion and FRESH 3D bioprinting strategies. We also present a set of experimental data as a guideline for selecting the support bath or matrix. We discuss the advantages of embedded extrusion methods over conventional biomanufacturing methods. This work provides a short recipe for selecting inks and printing parameters for desired shapes in embedded extrusion and FRESH 3D bioprinting methods.
